Nov
5
Thin Film of Molybdenum Disulfide Catalyses Hydrogen
November 5, 2014 | Leave a Comment
James Tour’s lab at Rice University has turned molybdenum disulfide’s two-dimensional form into a nanoporous film that can catalyze the production of hydrogen. The Rice University scientists also report the molybdenum disulfide film can be used for electrical energy storage in a capacitor.
The versatile molybdenum disulfide compound classified as a dichalcogenide is inert along its flat sides, but previous studies determined the material’s edges are highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a process used in fuel cells to pull hydrogen from water.
Tour and his colleagues have found a cost-effective way to create flexible films of the material that maximize the amount of exposed edge and have potential for a variety of energy-oriented applications.
Tour explained, “So much of chemistry occurs at the edges of materials A two-dimensional material is like a sheet of paper: a large plane with very little edge. But our material is highly porous. What we see in the images are short, 5- to 6-nanometer planes and a lot of edge, as though the material had bore holes drilled all the way through.”
The new film was created by Tour and lead authors Yang Yang, a postdoctoral researcher; Huilong Fei, a graduate student; and their colleagues. It catalyzes the separation of hydrogen from water when exposed to a current. “Its performance as a HER generator is as good as any molybdenum disulfide structure that has ever been seen, and it’s really easy to make,” Tour said.
While other researchers have proposed arrays of molybdenum disulfide sheets standing on edge, the Rice group took a different approach. First, they grew a porous molybdenum oxide film onto a molybdenum substrate through room-temperature anodization, an electrochemical process with many uses but traditionally employed to thicken natural oxide layers on metals.
The scientists then exposed to sulfur vapor at 300º C (572º F) for one hour. This converted the material to molybdenum disulfide without damage to its nano-porous sponge-like structure.
The films can also serve as supercapacitors, which store energy quickly as static charge and release it in a burst. Though they don’t store as much energy as an electrochemical battery, they have long lifespans and are in wide use because they can deliver far more power than a battery. The Rice lab built supercapacitors with the films; in tests, they retained 90 percent of their capacity after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles and 83 percent after 20,000 cycles.
Tour said, “We see anodization as a route to materials for multiple platforms in the next generation of alternative energy devices. These could be fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries. And we’ve demonstrated two of those three are possible with this new material.”
The co-authors of the paper are Rice graduate students Gedeng Ruan and Changsheng Xiang. Tour is the T.T. and W.F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science.
The funding for the research came in part from the Peter M. and Ruth L. Nicholas Postdoctoral Fellowship of Rice’s Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Program.
This is very useful research. A common and low cost material that’s fairly simple to fabricate into new useful products. The possible list of uses is sure to grow over time.
A lot of credit is due to Professor Tour for an insightful and inventive mind, This idea seems to be elegant in its simplicity. There is surely more to come.