Aug
19
Double Solar Cell Efficiency With An Antenna
August 19, 2015 | Leave a Comment
Challa V. Kumar, Ph.D working at the University of Connecticut reported today the development of a unique, “green” antenna that could potentially double the efficiencies of certain kinds of solar cells and make them more affordable. The report was presented at the 250th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society held in Boston.
Kumar offered a background with, “Most of the light from the sun is emitted over a very broad window of wavelengths. If you want to use solar energy to produce electric current, you want to harvest as much of that spectrum as possible.”
Photon Converting Antenna Process Diagram. Image Credit: University of Connecticut. See the YouTube Video below for much more info.
For now solar energy in the U.S. is growing, but panels on rooftops are still a rare sight. They cost thousands of dollars, and homeowners don’t recoup costs for years even in the sunniest or best-subsidized locales. Where wind and hail are common insurance alone can exceed the cost of grid electrical service.
Kumar is on to something. The silicon solar cells people buy today are not very efficient in the blue part of the light spectrum. So Kumar’s team at the University of Connecticut built an antenna that collects those unused blue photons and then converts them to lower energy photons that the silicon can then turn into current.
Kumar added, “Many groups around the world are working hard to make this kind of antenna, and ours is the first of its kind in the whole world.”
Commercial solar cells do a good job of converting light from about 600 to 1,000 nanometers (nm) into electric current but not from the 350 to 600 nm range. That’s part of the reason solar cells on the market today are only about 11 to 15 percent efficient. High-end panels can reach 25 percent efficiency but are unaffordable for most customers. Lab prototypes can reach even higher efficiencies but are difficult to scale up.
Converting the mostly unused portion of the light spectrum to wavelengths solar cells can use in an affordable way is far from a simple task. To tackle this problem, Kumar turned to organic dyes. Photons in light excite dye molecules, which can then, under the right circumstances, relax and emit less energetic but more silicon-friendly photons.
But to get dye molecules to work together, they need to be wrapped individually and densely, while satisfying certain quantum mechanical requirements. To address this issue, they embed the dyes inside a protein-lipid hydrogel by mixing them together, warming them up and then cooling them to room temperature. With this simple process, the material wraps around individual dye molecules, keeping them separated while packing them densely. Rather than creating a radio-like antenna, however, the procedure results in a thin, pinkish film that can be coated on top of a solar cell.
“It’s very simple chemistry,” Kumar said. “It can be done in the kitchen or in a remote village. That makes it inexpensive to produce.”
The new antennas are made with biological and non-toxic materials that are edible in theory, Kumar said, “Not that you would want to eat your solar cells, but they should be compostable so they won’t accumulate in the environment.”
Now his team is working with a Connecticut company to figure out how to apply the artificial antenna to commercial solar cells. In other projects, they also are figuring out ways to use the versatile hydrogel for drug delivery and white light-emitting diodes.
Kumar’s team deserves recognition for innovation and serendipity. This simple solution could go far in electrifying a lot more folks at affordable prices. Let hope the scale up works smoothly and quickly and finds a welcome in the solar cell industry. Double the output is no small feat. Congratulations!
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