University of Toronto engineers have combined two promising solar cell materials together for the first time, creating a new platform for LED technology. The team has designed a way to embed the strongly luminescent nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots into perovskite.

Perovskite Quantum Dot Glowing Crystal Structure.  A glowing quantum dot seamlessly integrated into a perovskite crystal matrix. Image Credit: Sargent Group/ U of T Engineering.  Click image for the largest view.

Perovskite Quantum Dot Glowing Crystal Structure. A glowing quantum dot seamlessly integrated into a perovskite crystal matrix.  Image Credit: Sargent Group/ U of T Engineering. Click image for the largest view.

Researchers in The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering invented something totally new combining two promising solar cell materials together for the first time, creating a new platform for LED technology.

Perovskites are a family of materials that can be easily manufactured from solution, and that allow electrons to move swiftly through them with minimal loss or capture by defects.

Xiwen Gong, one of the study’s lead authors and a PhD candidate working with Professor Ted Sargent said, “It’s a pretty novel idea to blend together these two optoelectronic materials, both of which are gaining a lot of traction. We wanted to take advantage of the benefits of both by combining them seamlessly in a solid-state matrix.”

The study paper has been published in the international journal Nature.

The resulting material is a black crystal that relies on the perovskite matrix to ‘funnel’ electrons into the quantum dots, which are extremely efficient at converting electricity to light. Hyper-efficient LED technologies could enable applications from the visible-light LED bulbs in every home, to new displays, to gesture recognition using near-infrared wavelengths.

Dr. Riccardo Comin, a post-doctoral fellow in the Sargent Group said, “When you try to jam two different crystals together, they often form separate phases without blending smoothly into each other. We had to design a new strategy to convince these two components to forget about their differences and to rather intermix into forming a unique crystalline entity.”

The main challenge was making the orientation of the two crystal structures line up, called heteroexpitaxy. To achieve heteroepitaxy, Gong, Comin and their team engineered a way to connect the atomic ‘ends’ of the two crystalline structures so that they aligned smoothly, without defects forming at the seams. “We started by building a nano-scale scaffolding ‘shell’ around the quantum dots in solution, then grew the perovskite crystal around that shell so the two faces aligned,” explained coauthor Dr. Zhijun Ning, who contributed to the work while a post-doctoral fellow at UofT and is now a faculty member at ShanghaiTech.

The resulting heterogeneous material is the basis for a new family of highly energy-efficient near-infrared LEDs. Infrared LEDs can be harnessed for improved night-vision technology, to better biomedical imaging, to high-speed telecommunications.

Combining the two materials in this way also solves the problem of self-absorption, which occurs when a substance partly re-absorbs the same spectrum of energy that it emits, with a net efficiency loss. “These dots in perovskite don’t suffer reabsorption, because the emission of the dots doesn’t overlap with the absorption spectrum of the perovskite,” explained Comin.

Gong, Comin and the team deliberately designed their material to be compatible with solution-processing, so it could be readily integrated with the most inexpensive and commercially practical ways of manufacturing solar film and devices. Their next step is to build and test the hardware to capitalize on the concept they have proven with this work.

“We’re going to build the LED device and try to beat the record power efficiency reported in the literature,” says Gong.

Go guys. Better, cheaper, faster, brighter and more efficient – sign me up.


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