In answer to your questions:

1) Typically – 10% of the original energy contained in the biomass is driven off in the torgas. This roughly equates to 1.6 Gj (Dry basis) depending on the feedstock.

2)Mass Density of the torrefied pellets is in the range of 800 to 1000KG/m3. mass density of torrefied wood is in the realm of 200 to 250 kg/m3.

3)Volatile content varies with the ultimate calorific value of the torrefied product. At low levels (22 to 23 Gj/tonne) the volatile content is >70%. On High Calorific value (24 to 26 Gj/tonne – Borderline Pyrolysis) the volatile content is much lower.

4)Specific gravity of the torrefied pellets is 1.1 to 1.2 (depending on the CV and Pelletizing process)

5) Cost of torrefaction varies widely with equipment and process used; (capex); power cost; plant capacity, etc. In general however, it is more economical to manufacture torrefied pellets than it is to manufacture standard whitewood pellets.

Kind Regards

RW

Would you kindly inform me.

1. Typically when 1.0 kg of dry wood is torrefied how much energy in Megajoules is driven off in the released volatiles?

2. What is the weight of the residual torrified fuel?

3. Typically what is the volatile content of the residual torrified fuel?

4. What is the Specific Gravity of dry torrified pellets?

5. Typically what is the cost of torrifying one metric tonne of dry biomass, given a large-scale operation.

Thanking you in anticipation

Michael O’Halloran