How does that square with the innovation explosion that started in the 1500s?

Real wealth is productive capacity and things like houses.

Did you know that our biggest inventory of tin is above ground? In metals, recycling works.

As to the finiteness of the world: she has not accounted for the mining of the asteroid belt.

There is at least 1E9 tons of matter for each person on the planet. Is that enough?

She is right about climate change disrupting food production. Except, it is cold we have to worry about, not warmth. CO2 accelerates plant growth. So does warmth.

Then there is the real joker in the deck. Biotechnology.

Note- I didn’t even mention the prospects of fusion.

Julian Simon had it right. New ideas will get us through.